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Table 1 Demographics

From: Neurological soft signs in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia

 

HC (n = 32)

 

BPD (n = 45)

 

SZ (n = 30)

   

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

p-value

(BPD vs. HC)

p-value

(BPD vs. SZ)

Age (years)

24.3

5.2

27.8

9.1

34.4

7.3

0.127

0.005

Education years

15.9

2.6

15.3

3.0

13.7

3.3

0.256

0.030

HAMD-21

0.5

1.1

10.3

7.8

n.a.

 

< 0.001

 

DTS

18.4

24.0

368

282.3

n.a.

 

< 0.001

 

CTQ

43.9

9.3

68.5

16.8

n.a.

 

< 0.001

 

BIS-11

54.6

6.9

72.3

10.4

39.8

38.9

< 0.001

 

BSL-23

2.8

2.9

43.3

20.1

n.a.

 

< 0.001

 

PANSS positive

    

13.9

7.0

  

PANSS negative

    

14.5

8.5

  

PANSS general

    

31.0

10.3

  

PANSS total

    

59.4

22.5

  

BPRS total

    

32.9

12.2

  

HNSS total score

2.4

1.8

10.2

7.8

16.8

8.3

< 0.001

< 0.001

HNSS motor coordination (MoCo)

0.9

1.2

3.7

3.5

6.4

4.6

< 0.001

0.006

HNSS integrative functions (IF)

0.3

0.6

2.1

1.8

2.5

1.8

< 0.001

0.250

HNSS complex motor tasks (CoMT)

0.1

0.4

1.1

1.3

2.8

2.1

< 0.001

< 0.001

HNSS right/left & spatial orientation (RLSpO)

0.8

1.0

1.7

2.8

2.5

2.1

0.210

0.015

HNSS hard signs (HS)

0.5

0.8

1.5

1.3

2.6

1.8

< 0.001

0.002

  1. Wilcoxon rank sum test. Significant results in bold font
  2. Abbreviations: BIS-11, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11: BPD, borderline personality disorder; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; BSL-23, short version of borderline symptom list; CoMT, complex motor tasks; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; DTS, Dissociation Tension Scale; HAMD-21, Hamilton depression scale; HC, healthy control; HNSS, Heidelberg Neurological soft signs scale; HS, hard signs; IF, integrative functions; MoCo, motor coordination; n.a. not available; NSS, Neurological soft signs; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; RLSpO, right/left and spatial orientation; SZ, schizophrenia